Modest Mussorgsky’s Boris Godunov stands out among the major works of the opera repertoire in having an extremely complex creative history. The original libretto, by the composer himself, was based closely on Pushkin’s Shakespeare-inspired drama about the ill-fated Russian ruler. Mussorgsky completed the score in 1869, and submitted it to the committees of the Imperial Theatres. It was rejected, however, primarily because of the lack of a female lead and therefore a love interest, but Mussorgsky’s unadorned style has also been mentioned as a reason. In 1871 the composer therefore reworked the opera extensively, adding new scenes and a female principal in the form of the Polish princess Marina Mniszek – and changing the overall structure from seven scenes into a prologue and four acts.

The revised Boris was completed in 1872, and two years later it was finally performed in St Petersburg, while the Moscow audience had to wait until 1888, seven years after the death of its composer. In order to promote the work, Mussorgsky’s colleague and friend Rimsky-Korsakov later undertook to revise the work, making the orchestration more traditional and colourful and softening a number of harsh harmonies. It was the Rimsky-Korsakov version that took the opera out of Russia and without it, the opera would not be as widely known as it is today. In recent times, however, several opera houses have begun performing the more abrasive original version from 1869, and it is this ‘Ur-Boris’ that has been recorded here. It is performed by the Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra under its principal guest conductor, Kent Nagano. They are joined by a cast of mainly Russian vocal soloists, headed by Alexander Tsymbalyuk as Boris, a role he performed under Nagano already in 2013 at the Bayerische Staatsoper. In the opera, as in Pushkin’s drama, the Russian people plays a hugely important role – here performed by the Göteborg Opera Chorus.

Cast:
- Boris Godunov: Alexander Tsymbalyuk (bass)
- Prince Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky: Maxim Paster (tenor)
- Pimen, a monk and chronicler: Mika Kares (bass)
- Grigory, a novice [later ’The False Dimitry’]: Sergei Skorokhodov (tenor)
- Police officer; Border guard: Oleg Budaratskiy (bass)
- Mityukha, a peasant: Anton Ljungqvist (bass-baritone)
- Andrei Shchelkalov, secretary of the Boyars’ council: Vasily Ladyuk (baritone)
- Innkeeper: Okka von der Damerau (mezzo-soprano)
- Varlaam, a vagabond monk: Alexey Tikhomirov (bass)
- Missail, a vagabond monk; A Boyar; Holy Fool: Boris Stepanov (tenor)
- Xenia, daughter of Boris: Hanna Husáhr (soprano)
- Fyodor, son of Boris: Johanna Rudström (mezzo-soprano)
- Nurse: Margarita Nekrasova (mezzo-soprano)